What a stand up guy. I've never seen or heard someone so knowledgeable and well spoken. He's like too good. I'm not sure if I trust him, but I really hope he is legit.

There will never be a successful covid vaccine. Every single previous attempt at a coronavirus vaccine has failed. These will fail for the same reason. Only difference is we won’t know until millions are injected because we will skip the safety trials. Hard pass.

Excellent. Very good. Ash - I think they working you too hard there. Time for some sun.

Best interview about coronavirus that I watched until now. Congratulations!

great thank you !

Great interview. It's a breath of fresh air to hear someone who actually knows what they are talking about with regards to the virus.

Excellent questions from Ash

Kudos! an excellent interview and one of the clearest and most factual, data-driven interviews on Covid 19 and the race to a vaccine that I have seen.

Very good talk. However, maybe good to also have someone on like Dr Jacob Glanville who is developing therapeutic antibodies. They scale much better than convalescent serum and they could treat patients who are sick (unlike vaccines). These could change the environment in terms of preventing deaths much quicker than vaccine approaches (also seems more likely to me to be rapidly successful).

Excellent questions.

This was great! I learned a lot, thanks!

Why do I have a deep mistrust of the vaccine for this one? I'm not an anti vaccine person but for some reason this one is setting off all my alarm bells. I can't explain it but the very idea has the hairs on the back on my neck standing up.

A truly excellent interview, anybody not watching because it is not primarily finance based is missing out big in IMO.

I really enjoyed this. I hope RV keeps on filming videos like this that are non-financial but give us technical detail on things that affect financial markets.

I do enjoy interviews like this as they are very informative, however they also highlight the severely myopic view that scientists and "experts" tend to have. They seem to willingly latch onto "THE data" with fanatical fervor without balancing that data against other fields of studies like economics, and law. Data regardless of how accurate it is, has no authority to violate my legal rights, nor can data create resources that don't exist. Kayvon kept a stone cold straight face as he floated the idea of governments bankrolling multi trillion dollar expenditures on creating products that may or may not ever be needed, and may or may not work if they are needed. He also said we "need contact tracing....to get our society back". I have doubts a Virologist could balance a checkbook by hand, or successfully argue a legal case...just saying.

Meh, this guy is too doctored up, well shaven, and looks like he's in a studio. I have to look at this with a certain degree of skepticism as I've been noticing an increased level of media manipulation. I'll take a speaker in a basement over a talking head in a studio any day. Thanks all the same for bringing this speaker on, but this Covid thing has been too hystericized for me. Gives me lots of long vol options though!

I'd say we need this guy on CNN, et al. but unfortunately, I don't think it would make much of difference. Most people find scientific, intellectual information to be anathema.

I echo all the positive comments on Ash. You did a great job!

Fantastic conversation. Detailed and engaging. Please more of this content!

Ash, you conducted an exceptional interview. You were at your very best on this important complex subject with the best expert. Kudos to the RVTV Team.

This interview could be open for everyone it will help the whole humanity! I am a subscriber but would love that everyone not only people with interest in finance have access to this!

As an Infectious Diseases physician and a Clinical Virologist, this interview was spot on. I would strongly advocate that the video be made freely available to the public, as all academic medical journals currently make all of their SARS-CoV-2 articles available to the public and this type of information serves a very real Public Health service to those with ears to hear. Dr. Modjarrad does a really great job of discussing where the data gaps lie - and why the Public Health messaging can be so difficult. Public latches on to any uncertainty and contradiction and then throws the baby out with the bathwater. My only small quibbles are really just different clinical frames of reference: 1) In animals, we commonly see not just pulmonary/sinus disease, but also liver, gut, and brain involvement, so for these bat-derived viruses that are not yet well adapted to humans (SARS-CoV-1 and 2, MERS-CoV), I am not at all surprised to see the range of extra-pulmonary manifestations we are seeing, and I'm not sure we have looked at the "routine" human coronaviruses in enough detail to know how often they are responsible for strokes, Kawasaki Disease etc. 2) I think fomite transmission was a big deal on cruise ships initially - especially where passengers were touching the same railings in short intervals of time (and the fact that many of the Japanese officials touring the ship at the time got infected seems to have disappeared from the record). The reason I don't wash my milk, is because the virus just doesn't last that long on many surfaces, although plastics and steel are the worst. This is why shipping from China to US was never an issue - because by the time products reached the US, no chance of viable virus. 3) The aerosol/airborne debate has been raging for a long time. Same group of scientists that are proponents of airborne spread (as a routine mechanism of transmission) has been on about this for Influenza A and other respiratory viruses. They are correct, in that there is a range of sizes of small particles released when one sneezes, and some of these should go airborne as opposed to droplet (falling to the ground). The problem here, is that if we all decided to wear N95 masks, the world supply would be depleted in about 3 days, and we would all have to go back to routine surgical masks anyway, so while interesting, it's not really clinically relevant unless you are doing an aerosol generating procedure - and is consistent with the current WHO recommendations. Having said this, we have never really adequately explained the "super-spreader" phenomenon observed with these coronaviruses. When we had SARS in Canada in 2003, Toronto saw super-spreader events, and Vancouver did not. Not sure whether this is related to the patient (anatomic factors in the oropharynx that augment small particle formation in some people) or to the virus (we did see SARS-CoV-1 mutations in 2003 that improved the affinity of the spike protein for the human ACE2 receptor over time - similar to what Dr. Modjarrad was describing for SARS-CoV-2 - so what they are seeing in vitro is probably going to be a real thing. SARS-CoV-1 disappeared before this became a clinical issue, so we just don't know what it means yet). This was an excellent interview that distilled a complex area into layman's terms, and I gotta say, one of Ash's best moderations. As an American citizen, I sit on my perch from Canada and wonder how the US Public Health response can be so messed up. How ignorant does leadership (all parties) have to be to turn a Public Health crisis into a partisan political issue? Isn't there some evolutionary bent towards self-preservation? This only goes to show that the US needs radical institutional reform of the Federal Government if it is going to make anything more than an impotent response to a Public Health crisis. I have said since February that by the time the November election hits, every US citizen will have a dead extended family member, and mused about how that will play out at the polls. It is morbid and wholly preventable theatre, but I just can't look away.

Where has this guy been hiding? We need to see and more of him on the main-stream media and send Fauci to a desk in the basement with his red stapler.

I learnt a lot, that was great. Thank you

Please get Judy Mikovits on for a contrarian view on this topic. https://www.bitchute.com/video/XrIE9zIjptCc/

Great interview. The US ostrich approach to the pandemic, lack of coordination from States, and lack of adherence to either social distancing or mask wearing all but guarantees a nice little trillion dollar cottage industry of COVID vaccine manufacturing. Flatten the curve is a big lie. We need a constant flow of virus carriers and a nice population like Northern California Bay Area with only 5% infection rate for the vaccine to make money. Seriously, why would anyone make a vaccine that is a one time deal that works all the time. Riddle me this Batman, how do reconcile for-profit medicine, national health policy and the Hippocratic oath?

I think it was a good interview and glad many smart people are working on a vaccine. But when I hear working with WHO and they are involved, I feel deflated. I listened to WHO full press conferences in February. It was the biggest slow motion train wreck I could ever imagined in my nightmares!. They said for 20 minutes how the CCP is doing great, Then 10 minutes of it’s contained, it’s a strong flu and other countries don’t have to stop interventional flights out of WUHAN!! After reading published infectious disease doctor papers from Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea in February (once they were treating SARS patients in their respective countries). it was clearly an airborne human to human SARS spreading virus. The whole organization is rotten, if they are leading anything, I won’t ever expect results for a very long time. That is unless China miraculously comes up with a vaccine and can manufacture To a safe human standard. It’s amazing how some countries still have any faith in them.

Fantastic interview!! congratulations!!

Great interview outlining what a reductionist philosophy can do with their materialistic silver bullet approach to improving the health of the public. Where in the discussion did we hear anything about the requirements needed from the host response to garner a response to the antigen? Is it the "magic" in the vaccine derived from the laboratory "expertise", or the real and substantive MAGIC a healthy body provides to deal with these antigens that we should be talking about? When one person sneezes in a crowded elevator of 10 people and 2 of the ten get sick, we tend to forget about the 7 that didn't. What are they doing or not doing? Come on people, build vitalism and you will have less to worry about!

Thanks for a very good and informative interview, Ash and Dr Modjarrad! I did some basic calculations: Now if the US has about 5 million confirmed cases by the end of July, which seems likely, and we use Modjarrads number of a multiplier of 5 ( he said 5-10) to get the real number of infected, we find that 25 million americans will be or have been infected by Covid 19 by the end of July. Presently about 70.000 are confirmed per day, and using the same math, that gives a number of 350.000 real infections per day. If we assume a constant rate of infections going forward, i.e. R0= 1, then every 100 days 35 million million get infected, 200 days gives 70 million. And looking at the data for the last 30 days, it seems more likely to accelerate than decelerate. So 200 days from now there will be at least 100 Million americans who already had the virus; perhaps 200 million if R0 is higher than 1 and the epidemic accelerates. That is the scenario in which a vaccine could appear at the earliest. I do not think a vaccine will turn out to be the holy grail for this epidemic in the US, but I keep my fingers crossed for a miracle! I fear that it will be the same story as before; to late to make an impact. Herd immunity could come before an effective vaccine.

Ash, you do a terrific job in your interviews.

A perfect presentation on the most important issue of our time. Many, many thanks to Dr. Modjarrad, Mr. Bennington and RVTV. I suggested to friends to watch on YouTube and sent them the link. All were impressed and thankful with the quality of information and production. I would suggest updates as often as Dr. Modjarrad will allow to keep us informed as the science progresses. Thanks again to the whole RVTV team. DLS

...to convey something very esoteric to the wider community, this is a brilliant interview. Very clear and understandable explanations from Dr. Kayvon Modjarrad and superb interviewing from Ash. Gained a rich & clear understanding of the situation

Fantastic Interview! So very Informative, clear and precise explanations. Kudo’s to both of you.

Excellent expert interview!

Agree with the commentator on the daily updates.. starting to sound like bed wetting karens on covid(s). Data analysis out of the window, emotion leading the way. Do we even need a vaccine? Data would say no. Can we now have interview with alternative view on covid. Perhaps someone from Oxford, UCL or Stanford who all have separate studies based on actual data (and not with vested interest in a vaccine) showing that the lockdown has no effect on fatality rate and puts the fatality rate of the virus at no worse than seasonal flu on countless data based studies. The virus burns itself out in multiple real world examples. Not "might be", not "may" not "could be", not "data in a dish" actual data from multiple countries which will decide if we even need a vaccine. Spoiler alert- they all say no. Even CDC have study suggesting 25 million in US have antibodies vs less than 135k dead (yes.. so far but that applies to both parts of that equation). UK studies of up to 26.8% of population have antibodies, UK govt had London at 17% in May vs 200 dead FROM covid in London. Numerator vs denominator. Then comp to seasonal flu fatality rate (thats with a vaccine already). The fatality rate of Sars vs covid 19 isnt even comparable. This interview is like someone coming on saying Ford stock should trade at $1 million, because they could sell cars to everyone. No data. No heres the numbers and data behind why we will even need a vaccine, viewers make your own mind up. If this was a trade, how would you weigh your probability: scenario a) Nobel prize winner, a scientist of the year, 3 of the most prestigious Universities all performing separate backwards looking studies finding same conclusions, no need for vaccine, extremely low fatality rate, no need for lockdown or scenario b) listen to the media hype or someone with vested interest in a vaccine projecting. They could be wrong, yes, but is it not worth having their view considered to broaden your inputs. for those open to finding out more from well respected sources- youtube has very good interviews with Karl Friston (previous scientist of yr, UCL) Michael Levitt (Noble prize winner, Standford) Dr John Ioannidis (Standford), Sunetra Gupta (Oxford and other colleagues). Would enjoy seeing any of them on here.

Thank you for the informative interview. Two questions I would like answered are the following. The Dr. mentioned there are about a handful of other Corona viruses out there that have been around for decades and apparently are not as bad as the newest one we're all experiencing. Why is he confident we will find a vaccine for this one if, as far as I know, no vaccine is available for any of the other ones? This vaccine he and others are working on, is it going to be a one time deal (one shot and you're good) vaccine, or a yearly modified dose similar to the slightly modified yearly flu-shot?

Excellent interview and, as COVID is a major determinant of economics and the financial system, I'm delighted to see RV take an interest in the biology and medicine surrounding this issue. Dr. Modjarrad did an exceptional job in elucidating the basics of vaccine development, SARS-CoV-2 virology, and some of the epidemiology in an accessible manner. I was likewise impressed with how he eloquently conveyed the practice and principles of science. Many thanks!

Excellent presentation but you missed the opportunity to drill into the mortality rate. Is it 5 or 10 times more deadly than influenza? What does the current data show? If extrapolated globally what is the expected mortality rate?

This was fantastic! Thank you for this

This interview gives me so much faith in humans.

Outstanding. RV thanks for getting Dr. Modjarrad, on the show and great interview by Ash with a very smart and well spoken expert.

The flow and quality of Ash's questions were excellent as were the clear and unbiased answers from Dr. Modjarrad.

An absolutely riveting interview, Ash. Job well done. I recommend making this freely available on Youtube.

This is a very good general outline of how vaccine development works and the immense hurdles these efforts face. I work in the industry and public rarely gets a clear explanation of what goes with vaccine trials. Just my personal opinion, but making this video free on your YouTube outlet would be of educational value to the masses. Fingers crossed that RV releases this sooner than later.

Good interview and very clear guest, thanks for some basics on this virus and efforts undertaken to understand it and develop a vaccine. Watching this reinforces the complexity of the world we live in and underscores how people broadly rely upon the knowledge, creativity, and competence of specialists among us. God's speed Dr. Modjarrad.

Great job Ash and vintage RV at it’s finest. I’ve always said that the RV secret sauce is it’s “Curation” which may be under appreciated as well as the thoughtful comments section from the RV community. Came for the Macro economics and stayed for the Health curation. Where else could I have access to an expert of this caliber being thoughtfully interviewed by an extremely competent interviewer on a subject important to my family. The one question I had repeatedly throughout the interview is this—with several vaccines coming to fruition how do I know which one my family should avail themselves of....the first one, the second, the one with the most hype and promotional push behind it, the one I’m told to take by my government?.....should we wait to see how the first one turns out and is there a danger by taking multiple vaccines? To me, this seems to be the next important decision for all of us to make.

Nice interview. Very forward looking guy, liked very much. However, one must look at the data from other countries and their experiences of the virus. In that regard I would like to see alternative views of this...people that are studying the coutries response to the outbreak. All of that analysis mus be done in a ''DEATH PER MILLION'' basis, otherwise one cannot compare countries. I'll illustrate that: 1) Taiwan and South Korea: High sucess cases, very technology intensive responses, apps for contact tracying etc. Very good control of the outbreak. ok, I get it. 2) Japan and Vietnam. Mask usage universal, avoidance of crowds, the basics (as we would say in Brazil: ''just plain rice and beans, nothing more''). NO LOCKDOWNS. And yet, there case numbers, and death numbers ares ridicously lows! That ''social experiment'' would highly suggest that masks and avoinding crowds in general are highly effective at ''flattening the curve'' and keeping up with normal life. 3) Sweden x Gemany discussion. I would like to hear someone talk that through. My main point is that there are MANY OPEN SOCIAL EXPERIMENTS happening at the different countries...can't we learn anything from that?? Cheers

Dr. Modjarrad keeps talking about how coronaviruses jump from animals to humans--which is true. However, he fails to mention all the lab research being done on gain-of-function which makes these viruses more transmittable. In fact, many reputable doctors and researchers in the field are convinced that the reason SARS-COV-2 is so infectious is because it's been lab-modified in gain-of-function experiments. All emphasis in this interview appears to be on vaccines and not much about the originals of Covid19.

Finally some expert information on this disease without all the hype in other channels. Thanks so much for developing this content.

Hmm, so vaccine early next year if trials work and don't cause any bad side effects, for a virus that has never before had a vaccine. He is more hopeful than I am. Not to take anything away though, great, very informative interview.

Is he advocating for the insane 'gain of function' research that created covid???